PK–12 Essential Standards and Benchmarks

Kahua Standards and Benchmarks

PK-12 essential standards and benchmarks for Hawaiian-focused education.

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Grade 12 - ʻŌlelo / LA

In addition to HFCS ‘Āina-based Learning Competencies (click to view), the PK-12 ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi Language Arts (ʻŌH/LA) kahua is grounded in the belief that the purpose of reading and writing is constructing meaning. Reading allows the reader to construct meaning based on the writing by an author and writing allows the writer to construct meaning to convey to a reader. The ʻŌH/LA strands were derived from this understanding and include:

  • OLA.12.1Hana a kaʻana hoʻi i nā pāhana puka kula a me nā hōʻike like ʻole (he haʻi ʻōlelo, he pepa noʻi, he pāhana kōkua kaiāulu, etc.) i nui aʻe ai ka ʻike no ka ʻāina. Create and share capstone projects and hōʻike (i.e. puka kula haʻi ‘ōlelo, research papers, community service, testimonies) to expand the body of knowledge about ʻāina.
  • OLA.12.2Ma ka ʻike Hawaiʻi (kilo ʻāina, inoa ʻāina, mele, moʻolelo, apa) e hoʻoholo ʻia ai ka pono o ka ʻāina. Synthesize ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi kilo, performance cartographies (i.e. oli, mele, hula, kaulana mahina, hoʻokele), and inoa ʻāina (traditional place names) to make decisions about what ʻāina needs.
  • OLA.12.3E ola ka ʻike kupuna ma nā hana o ko kēia au (e laʻa me ka ʻaha ʻawa, ka hoʻolaʻa hale, ka ʻūniki - me ona mau pono like ʻole a pau). Perpetuate ʻike kupuna through the creation and use of Hawaiian cultural artifacts in ceremonies and protocols (i.e. ʻawa ceremony, building blessings, graduation - with all of the necessities).
  • OLA.12.4Kū ma ke aloha ʻāina no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻike, i nā waiwai, a me nā hana i mea e kākoʻo ai i ka lāhui a me ka honua. Contribute knowledge, resources, and practices to enhance the lāhui and world as aloha ʻāina.
  • OLA.12.5Kū i ka pono o ka ʻāina a me kānaka. Take actions to advocate for justice on behalf of kānaka and ʻāina because we are an extension of ʻāina (i.e. testimonies, water rights, civic engagement).

  • OLA.12.6Kū haʻaheo i kona mauli ola Hawaiʻi ma nā ʻano pōʻaiapili like ʻole (wahi like ʻole, ma mua o ka poʻe like ‘ole, a me nā kumuhana like ʻole)
  • OLA.12.7Noiʻi ʻia a hoʻopuka i nā ʻōlelo kaulana o nā wahi pana ma waho o kona kaiāulu i ʻike mau ʻia ma nā moʻolelo Hawaiʻi.
  • OLA.12.8Hoʻopaʻanaʻau i ke mele a wehewehe i ka ʻike o loko e pili ana i
    • a.ka haku mele
    • b.ke kumu o ia mele
    • c.nā inoa ma ke mele
    • d.ke kaona o ke mele
    • e.ka manaʻo o ka haku mele
  • OLA.12.9Ma ka manaʻo o ka haumāna, he mea heluhelu, he mea kākau, he mea haʻiʻōlelo, he mea hoʻolohe, a he mea makamae ʻo ia o kona kaiāulu, a ʻauamo piha ʻo ia i kona mau kuleana. See self as and participate as an active reader, writer, speaker, listener, and valued community member.
  • OLA.12.10Hoʻohana ka haumāna i kona mau mākau a me kona ʻike i aʻo mai ai ma ka noiʻi ʻana i mea e kōkua ai (ma ke ʻano he mea hana a me he alakaʻi hoʻi) i kona kaiāulu. Use skills, knowledge, and insights learned through research to contribute to one’s community as a participant and a leader.

  • OLA.12.11Haʻiʻōlelo uluwale ma mua o ke anaina e pili i kekahi kumuhana no ke ao kahiko.
    • a.Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻōlelo noʻeau, ʻike moʻolelo a me nā ʻōlelo kaulana kūpono ʻē aʻe i mea e kākoʻo ai i ka manaʻo nui o ka haʻi ʻōlelo.
  • OLA.12.12Unuhi i ka ʻike mai loko o kā haʻi haʻiʻōlelo i ʻike e komo ai i loko o kāna haʻiʻōlelo “uluwale”
  • OLA.12.13Mālama kūpono ʻia ka nīnauele, mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana a pau pono.
    • a.E haku a nīnau i nā nīnau uluwale i waena o ka nīnauele i mea e ʻoi aku ai ka ʻikepili
    • b.Hōʻike i ka lawena nīnauele (ka nīnauele ma kahi o ka mahaʻoi)
    • c.Unuhi a hōʻike aku i kekahi ʻike kuʻuna mai ka ʻikepili nīnauele mai.
  • OLA.12.14Ma ka hoʻolohe ʻana i ka leo kupuna, kālailai a hōʻike i ke kumu o ko ke kupuna mau manaʻo a ʻōlelo hoʻi.
  • OLA.12.15Hōʻike ʻia aku ka ʻike a ka haumāna ma kekahi mau ala kūpono (i mua o ke kōmike aupuni, nā papa alakaʻi, a ma o ka pūnaewele paha, e laʻa me nā kahuapaʻa pūnaewele a me nā waihona kūlelepaho). Use various avenues to disseminate knowledge learned and insights developed to a wide audience (e.g., presentations and testimonies to government entities, boards, and community groups, and through technology resources such as blogs, websites, or social media sites).

  • Note:He wahi hoʻomaopopo: I lawa ai ka manawa, ma ka papa 11 a me ka papa 12 paha e hana ai ka haumāna i ka pāhana noiʻi i hōʻike ʻia ma lalo iho. Note: The research described below is meant to be conducted in a student’s junior and senior years, giving students more time to explore a topic of interest in depth and develop expertise in some aspect of the topic.
  • I.Ka Heluhelu
    • OLA.12.16Heluhelu ʻia kekahi mau ʻano kūmole no ka noiʻi ʻana i kona pāhana kōkua kaiāulu (e nānā ʻia ka manaʻo ma ka papa 11) me ka hapai ʻana i kekahi mau manaʻo e kōkua ai ʻo ia. Read and explore a wide variety of sources of information to continue to research a community need (see Grade 11 reading comprehension benchmark) and generate possible solutions or recommendations for improvement.
      • a.Heluhelu ʻia nā kūmole kuamua a me nā kūmole kualua. Read both primary and secondary sources.
      • b.Heluhelu ʻia nā ʻano kūmole like ʻole (he mele, he moʻolelo, he piliolana, he ʻakikala, apa) Read a variety of texts (e.g., mele, stories, biographies, articles, etc.).
      • c.Noiʻi ma waho o ka heluhelu wale nō (he wikiō, he ʻaukiō, he nīnauele) Research other forms of media (e.g., video, audio, in-person) to find additional resources for the topic of interest.
    • OLA.12.17Kālailai i nā manaʻo o haʻi i hōʻike ʻia ma ka palapala, ma ke kahuapaʻa pūnaewele a ma ka waihona kūlelepaho paha. Hiki i ka haumāna ke kuhi i ke kākoʻo kūpono/kūpono ʻole ʻia o ka manaʻo nui, ka ʻoiaʻio/ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻole a me ka pili/pili ʻole o nā manaʻo kākoʻo, ke akaka/akaka ʻole o ka ʻōlelo, a me ke kahe pono/pono ʻole o nā manaʻo. Analyze specific claims made in texts and other media. Be able to identify logical/illogical reasoning, accuracy and relevancy of facts (or lack of) used to support claim, effective/ineffective use of language, and effectiveness/ineffectiveness of organization.
    • OLA.12.18Kālailai a hoʻohālikelike i ke kuanaʻike o nā unuhi (mai ka ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi a i ka ʻŌlelo Pelekānia) a ʻelua mau kanaka.
    • OLA.12.19Me ka ʻike i heluhelu ʻia a me ke kālailai manaʻo ʻana e kupu ai ka haumāna ponoʻī a ka haumāna. Use knowledge gained from reading and analysis to develop original ideas and new insights into an issue.
  • II.Ka Pōʻaiapuni Kākau
    • OLA.12.20Kākau ka haumāna ma kekahi mau ʻano e like me ka mea e pono ai kona kumu a me ke anaina heluhelu. Write in different formats for a variety of purposes and audiences
      • a.Haku i mele i kū i ke ʻano kuʻuna Hawaiʻi a
        • i.e mele i ia mele no kona kumu i haku ʻia ai
        • ii.paka i kāna mele a me ke mele a haʻi
        • iii.hoʻokumu a hoʻokomo kūpono i nā meiwi
        • iv.hula i ia mele
    • OLA.12.21Hoʻopuka ka haumāna i ka pepa noiʻi kūhelu e kōkua ana i kona kaiāulu. Produce a professional research report about a topic that examines a community need and develops possible solutions.
      • a.Haku ʻia he nīnau noiʻi e hoʻokele ana i ka pāhana e kōkua ana i kona kaiāulu. Develop a research question related to the community need identified.
      • b.Haku ʻia he ʻolokeʻa no nā manaʻo nui o kēlā me kēia māhele o ka pepa noiʻi (he wehena/nīnau noiʻi, he naʻana moʻolelo i noiʻi ʻia, he kaʻina hana, he kālailai ʻikepili, he panina). Outline the sections of the report and make notes to identify the key information for each section (introduction that includes the research question, review of the literature, research methods, data analysis, conclusion).
      • c.Kākau ʻia, hoʻoponopono ʻia, a loihape ʻia ke kāmua o kēlā me kēia māhele o ka pepa noiʻi. Draft, revise, and edit each section.
        • i.Hoʻomohala piha ʻia ke kumuhana ma ka wae pono ʻana i ka ʻike pili koʻikoʻi, nā manaʻo kākoʻo, nā laʻana, a me nā ʻōlelo puanaʻī a haʻi. Develop the topic thoroughly through the selection and use of significant and relevant facts, concrete details, examples, and quotations.
        • ii.Mōakāka ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻana o nā māhele ma ka hoʻonohonoho ʻia ʻana (me nā poʻomanaʻo paha), ka wae ʻana i nā huaʻōlelo, a me nā hopunaʻōlelo e hoʻokuʻi maikaʻi ana i nā manaʻo ʻokoʻa. Connect each section to the others and clarify the relationships among complex ideas and concepts through formatting (e.g., headings, subheadings), appropriate word choice, and use of transitional sentences.
        • iii.Mōakāka nā manaʻo ma ka ʻōlelo i hoʻohana ʻia: he hua lekikona paha, he ʻōlelo hoʻohālikelike paha, he ʻōlelo hoʻopilipili paha, he ʻōlelo noʻeau paha. Use precise language, domain-specific vocabulary, and techniques such as metaphor, simile, and proverbs as appropriate.
        • iv.Pololei ka pilina ʻōlelo, ka hua maʻaka, ke kiko, a me ka pela ʻana. Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard Hawaiian grammar, capitalization, punctuation, and spelling.
      • d.E like me ke ʻano he kūpono, e hōʻike ʻia ka ʻike pili ma ke kiʻi (e laʻa me ka pakuhi, he moʻokūʻauhau, he kiʻikuhi, a he lou wikiō paha). Display relevant data visually (e.g., through graphs, charts [including genealogical charts as appropriate], diagrams, drawings, photos, and links to videos of cultural artifacts and natural phenomena).
      • e.Haʻakuhi ʻia nā kūmole a ʻike ʻia hoʻi ka papa kūmole e like me ke ʻano ma ke kula (ma ke ʻano APA, MLA, a Kikako paha). Include citations within the text and create a reference list following a standard format (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago Manual of Style).
  • III.Ka ʻŌlelo & Ka Huaʻōlelo
    • OLA.12.22Hoʻohana ʻia nā analula pololei ma ka pō‘aiapili kūpono e mōakāka ai ka manaʻo nui.
    • OLA.12.23Hoʻopuka ʻia ka ʻōlelo hoʻohiehie kūpono ma nā pepa noiʻi a me nā hōʻike. Use scholarly/formal language to convey a tone of rigor and relevance in written and oral presentations.
    • OLA.12.24Maopopo i ka haumāna a hoʻopuka ʻo ia i nā hua lekikona o kona pōʻaiapili kūpono ma nā haʻawina a pau. Understand and use technical and scientific terminology accurately in oral and written work.
    • OLA.12.25Maopopo i ka haumāna kēia mea ʻo ke kaona i hiki iā ia ke kuhi i ka manaʻo o nā mea i lohe ʻia a heluhelu ʻia. Understand figurative and connotative language in order to make inferences from and interpret what is read and heard.